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Anti-Fungal | Lecture | Dr. Aqsa Murtaza

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ANTI-FUNGAL DRUGS The disease caused by fungus is called mycoses. It can cause infection either on the skin, subcutaneous or systemic. The fungal cell membrane contains ergosterol.  Drug for Subcutaneous and Systemic Mycotic Infection  1. Amphotericin B Naturally occurring polyene anti-fungal produced by Streptomyces Nodosus. Drug of choice for the treatment of several life-threatening mycoses. Depending on the organism and drug concentration, it is either fungicidal or fungistatic. Mechanism Of Action Amphotericin  B binds to the ergosterol of fungus cells. There it forms pores, which disrupts membrane function, allowing electrolytes and small molecules to leak from the cell, resulting in cell death. Adverse Effect  Fever and chills Hypotension   Thrombophlebitis Renal insufficiency 2. Antimetabolite Antifungal Flucytosine (5-FC) is a pyrimidine anti-metabolite often used with other antimetabolite agents. It is fungi static. Mechanism Of Action 5-FC e...
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Diuretic | Medicinal Chemistry | Aqsa Murtaza

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  PHARMA BY AQSA MURTAZA (PharmD) Aim to help Pharmacy Students. We cover a wide range of topics, from Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Drug Inte ractions to Medication Management and Disease State Management. Medicinal Chemistry DIURETICS Site of action of each Diuretic It acts on the nephron. There are four sites in the nephron where it can act: 1. Site I - Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) 2. Site II - Ascending Loop Of Henle 3. Site III - Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) 4. Site IV - Collecting Duct Drugs acting on PCT inhibit carbonic anhydrase 1. Acetazolamide 2. Methazolamide Drugs acting on ascending loop of henle inhibit the co-transport system 1. Furosemide 2. Ethacrynic Acid Drugs acting on DCT inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransporter 1. Chlorothiazide 2. Hydrochlorothiazide Drugs acting on the collecting duct inhibit Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion 1. Spironolactone 2. Triamterene Acetazolamide • Acetazolamide act on site I - PCT. • Drugs acting on site I are 5-...
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Hormone Part 2 | Medicinal Chemistry | Aqsa Murtaza

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  PHARMA BY AQSA MURTAZA (PharmD) Aim to help Pharmacy Students. We cover a wide range of topics, from Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Drug Inte ractions to Medication Management and Disease State Management. CORTISOL PROPERTIES Antiinflammatory hormone White crystalline powder Water insoluble and soluble in organic solvents Rapidly absorbed from GIT Can cross the placenta barrier Synthesized in Zona fasciculate and Zona reticularis cells INDICATION Allergy Immunosuppressants ADR Osteoporosis SAR Flouride ion in place of the hydroxyl group with methyl increases its activity. Activity decreases if the hydroxyl group is replaced with chlorine or bromine group. Unsaturation in ring A lead to an increase in the activity of the drug. Substitution of the hydroxy group in ring B leads to a decrease in the activity of the drug. Structure of Cortisol GLUCAGON Contain 29 amino acids Synthesized in Pancrease A large dose of it leads to the intestine relaxation Have ionotropic effects o...
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Pharmacokinetics And Route Of Drug Administration | Aqsa Murtaza

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PHARMA BY AQSA MURTAZA (PharmD) Aim to help Pharmacy Students. We cover a wide range of topics, from Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Drug Interactions to Medication Management and Disease State Management. Basic Pharmacology PHARMACOKINETICS AND  ROUTE OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION Pharmacokinetics The term "Pharmacokinetics means what the body does to the drug. Pharmacodynamics The term "Pharmacodynamics" means what the drug does to the body. There are basically four pharmacokinetics properties that help to determine the: The onset of the drug action, The intensity of drug action, and Duration of drug action These four properties of the drug are: Absorption:       In absorption, drugs enter the plasma. Distribution:   In distribution, drugs distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluids. Metabolism:  The liver and other tissues biotransformed the drug through metabolism. Elimination:  At last, the drug and its metabolites are eliminated fro...
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Hormones Part 1 | Medicinal Chemistry | Dr. Aqsa Murtaza

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     PHARMA BY AQSA MURTAZA (PharmD) Aim to help Pharmacy Students. We cover a wide range of topics, from Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Drug Interactions to Medication Management and Disease State Management. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY HORMONES Oxytocin Vasopressin Estrogen Progesterone Cortisol Glucagon Insulin Testosterone Aldosterone   HORMONES The endocrine system is made up of the endocrine glands that secrete hormones. Chemical messenger Work slowly, over time, and controls many functions in our body. Hormones are carried by the blood throughout the entire body and affect specific cells. Metabolism, growth, etc.     OXYTOCIN Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 “Quick Birth” Induce labor Has 9-Amino acids, bound with a disulfide bridge Molecular formula = C43H66N12O12S2 Release from Posterior Pituitary Gland Given parenterally. ADR Severe uterine contraction Water retention Nasal irritation CONTRAINDICATION Uterine rupture Smooth muscle contracti...
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Antineoplastic Drugs | Medicinal Chemistry | Dr. Aqsa Murtaza

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  PHARMA BY AQSA MURTAZA (PharmD) Aim to help Pharmacy Students. We cover a wide range of topics, from Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Drug Interactions to Medication Management and Disease State Management. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY “Medicinal Chemistry is the science that deals with the discovery and design of new therapeutic chemicals and their development into useful medicines.” ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS 5-Fluorouracil INDICATION  Head and neck cancer Breast cancer Liver cancer Lung cancer PROPERTIES White crystalline powder Odorless Insoluble in chloroform Slightly soluble in alcohol Pyrimidine analog Contraindicated in Pregnancy and lactation IV and topical route of administration CBC and Renal/Hepatic function must be monitored MECHANISM OF ACTION 5- Fluorouracil inhibit the biosynthesis of DNA by interfering with the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid → thymidylic acid thus ↓se the thymidine level in the cell. Produce effect in the S-Phase of the cell cycle. Interact with Ci...
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